The MiG-21 is a Soviet-era supersonic jet fighter aircraft, developed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the 1950s. Known by its NATO reporting name "Fishbed," the MiG-21 became one of the most iconic and widely produced jet fighters in history, with over 11,000 units built.

Key Features and Overview:

1. Design and Speed:

   • The MiG-21 features a distinctive delta wing design, allowing for high-speed flight and rapid climb rates. It was one of the first aircraft capable of reaching Mach 2 (twice the speed of sound), a major feat at the time of its introduction.

2. Role and Variants:

   • Initially designed as an interceptor, the MiG-21 was later adapted for various roles, including ground attack and reconnaissance. Over the years, numerous variants were developed, including the MiG-21PF (improved radar and missile systems) and MiG-21bis (enhanced avionics and engines).

3. Operational History:

   • The MiG-21 entered service in 1959 and has seen action in conflicts across the globe, from the Vietnam War to the Arab-Israeli Wars and the Indo-Pakistani conflicts. It has served in over 60 countries and remains in limited service in some nations today due to upgrades and modernization programs.

4. Armament:

   • Typical armament includes a 23mm GSh-23L cannon, air-to-air missiles (such as the K-13 or R-60), and unguided bombs or rockets for ground attack roles.

5. Performance:

   • Maximum speed: Approximately 2,230 km/h (Mach 2.05)
   • Combat range: 500-800 km (depending on variant and fuel load)
   • Ceiling: Around 17,500 meters (57,400 feet)

6. Strengths:

   • High-speed capabilities, simplicity of design, and ease of production made it a reliable and versatile fighter for many countries.

7. Weaknesses:

   • Its small radar and limited range of its early missile systems made it less capable in beyond-visual-range engagements, and its delta-wing configuration reduced maneuverability at low speeds.

The MiG-21’s longevity and widespread use across various air forces make it one of the most successful fighter aircraft designs in aviation history.