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The Sukhoi Su-25 "Grach" (NATO reporting name: Frogfoot) is a twin-engine subsonic attack aircraft produced and developed in the Soviet Union by Sukhoi. It was designed to provide close air support for the Soviet Army. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 22 February 1975. After testing, the aircraft entered serial production in 1978 in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR.

Initial variants included the two-seat trainer version Su-25UB, Su-25BM and Su-25K for export. Some aircraft were upgraded to the Su-25SM version in 2012. The Su-25T and Su-25TM (also known as Su-39) are further developments, not produced in significant numbers. The Su-25 and Su-34 are the only fixed-wing armoured aircraft in production as of 2007.[1] The Su-25 remains in service with Russia, CIS countries and export customers. Production of the Su-25 ended in Russia in 2017[2] and in Georgia in 2010.[3] There are continued attempts to restart production in Georgia using partially completed airframes,[4] but no new orders have been reported as of June 2022.

Since entering service over 43 years ago, the Su-25 has seen combat in various conflicts. It was used extensively in the Soviet-Afghan War, performing counterinsurgency missions against Mujahideen groups in Afghanistan. The Iraqi Air Force used the Su-25 against Iran during the Iran–Iraq War. Most of Iraq's Su-25s were later destroyed or flown to Iran during the 1991 Gulf War. The Georgian Air Force used the Su-25 in the Abkhazian War from 1992 to 1993. The North Macedonian Air Force used the Su-25 against Albanian rebels during the 2001 North Macedonia conflict, and Georgia and Russia both used it in the 2008 South Ossetian War. African countries including Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, and Sudan have used the Su-25 in civil and local conflicts. More recently, the Su-25 has seen service in Russia's intervention in the Syrian Civil War, clashes in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, and the 2022 Special Operations Forces Operation in Ukraine.[5]