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The establishment of China Airlines is partly related to the space and status of the Republic of China in the international community. In the 1990s, China Airlines, then a state-owned enterprise of the Republic of China government, had difficulties in expanding its Canadian routes. The aircraft's livery still contained the flag of the Republic of China and was blocked by the government of the People's Republic of China. China Airlines and Hexin Group jointly formed Mandarin Airlines on June 1, 1991. The name "Mandarin Airlines" was named after the two companies. After its establishment, Mandarin Airlines has operated a number of international long-haul routes: including Taipei to Vancouver, Canada, Sydney, Australia, and Brisbane. Hexin Group withdrew its capital from Mandarin Airlines on October 31, 1992. Since then, Mandarin Airlines has become a fully-invested subsidiary of China Airlines. In 1999, China Airlines reorganized its subsidiaries and merged Mandarin Airlines with China Airlines, which mainly operates outlying island routes, on August 8. Mandarin Airlines was the surviving company. As China Airlines changed the livery of its aircraft to plum blossom livery in 1995 and its international route operations were no longer hindered, Mandarin Airlines gradually handed over long-haul routes and took over China Airlines' regional routes and domestic routes. Since then, it has begun to transform. It is an airline that mainly operates regional short-haul international routes and routes to Taiwan's main and outlying islands, and has expanded its flight services to Southeast Asia, Guam and other regions.

During the traffic rights negotiation between Taiwan and Hong Kong on June 29, 2002, Mandarin Airlines obtained the right from Taiwan to operate flights between Kaohsiung and Hong Kong, becoming the third Taiwanese airline to operate routes between Taiwan and Hong Kong after China Airlines and EVA Air. After cross-strait direct flights were launched for Taiwanese charter flights in 2003, Mandarin Airlines has implemented every Spring Festival charter flight to contribute to cross-strait direct flights. In early 2007, due to the impact of Taiwan's high-speed railway, and after repeated requests, the Civil Aviation Administration of the Ministry of Transportation agreed that Mandarin Airlines would suspend the Taipei-Taichung route from May, reducing the number of flights from 7 to 9 flights per day in its heyday to 10 per day. Monday flight, the last airline to ground its flights.